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Advanced Regenerative Medicine
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar,
Diabetes mellitus
There are three main types of diabetes:
• Type 1 diabetes: results from the body’s failure to produce insulin and presently requires the person to inject insulin. (Also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM for short, and juvenile diabetes.)
• Type 2 diabetes: results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency. (Formerly referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM for short, and adult-onset diabetes.)
• Gestational diabetes: is when pregnant women, who have never had diabetes before, have a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. It may precede development of type 2 DM.
Treatment option for Diabetes type 1
- The pathophysiology in diabetes type I is basically a destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, regardless of which risk factors or causative entities have been present. Individual risk factors can have separate pathophysiological processes to, in turn, cause this beta cell destruction. Still, a process that appears to be common to most risk factors is an autoimmune response towards beta cells, involving an expansion of auto reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T helper cells, autoantibody-producing B cells and activation of the innate immune system.
- The use of ad-MSC in treating the complications of diabetes mellitus is widely documented and in itself a tremendous breakthrough for alleviating the symptoms of this disease. Complications include decreased wound healing, cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, polyneuropathy and retinopathy. Intravenous injections of ad-MSC have been proven to be safe, non-tumourigenic and non-toxic.
- In 2012 we have been able to transform adipose derive mesenchymal stem cells into insulin producing cells in vitro.
- According to the aetiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus, transplanted beta cells could be affected by the same auto immunological process and risk being destroyed. Encapsulation of the cells, location of transplant, alteration of surface antigen of the cells and many more ideas need to be studied before clinical trials can be proposed. At the same time, interesting results of insulin being formulated for the transmucosal oral uptake will coincide with our studies on the paracrine effects of stem cells and thus might lead to a substitution of insulin in diabetes type 1 patients with their own in vitro generated and orally ingested insulin.
Treatment option for Diabetes type 2
- Insulin resistance is believed to be dependent on your immune system reaction, either masking the insulin peptide or the insulin receptor on the cells. Mesencell Biotech has developed the isolation and propagation of Dendritic Cells (DCs) from blood derived monocytes as well as the specific activation of DC to normalize the immune system. The aim is to normalize your immune system and thus restoring some degree of sensitivity of the body to insulin. Three injections are needed at first (day 1, 30, 160), followed by yearly injections.
- Tirzepatide and Retatrutide: glucose-dependant insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist. Tirzepatide and Retatrutide have a high affinity to both the GLP-1 receptor and GIP receptor. This dual agonism mechanism appears to lead to a greater decrease of hyperglycaemia than that achieved by a selective GLP-1 receptor agonist. Tirzepatide is reported to lower postprandial and fasting glucose concentration, reduce body weight, and decrease food intake in patients with T2DM. Tirzepatide and Retatrutide decrease glucagon levels and increases 1st and 2nd -phase insulin secretion, both in glucose- dependent fashion. Furthermore, tirzepatide has also been shown to increase adiponectin level, an adipokine important for the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Tirzepatide has also been shown to increase function of the pancreatic beta cells and helps increase insulin sensitivity over time.
- Tirzepatide and Retatrutide effects
- Clinical trial showed a reduction in haemoglobin A1C of -2.11 after 3 months
- Weekly subcutaneous injections only needed
- Dosage to be adapted from 1.5mg to 5 mg per week
- Can be used without Dendritic Cells, but slightly less efficient
- Increases function of pancreatic beta cells
- Helps increase insulin sensitivity over time
- Increases adiponectin levels (regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism)
- No significant adverse drug reactions. The primary adverse effects reported are gastrointestinal problems.
- Injection of insulin and
- Transformation of stem cells into insulin producing cells.
Further Benefits from Retatrutide and Tirzepatide
Enhancing Mitochondrial Function: GLP-1 helps boost mitochondrial health, which is crucial for both energy production and reducing oxidative stress—two critical factors for healthy aging.
Reducing Inflammation: It also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help fight the chronic inflammation that drives many age-related diseases.
Improving Insulin Sensitivity: GLP-1 enhances insulin sensitivity, preventing metabolic issues like type 2 diabetes that often come with age.
Providing Neuroprotection: Its effects extend to the brain, where it may help protect against cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
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